Finding stable battery interfaces means comparing impedance growth, degradation response, adhesion, side reactions, and surface chemistry before full-cell testing consumes the experiment budget.
Fabricating thin-film libraries across interface compositions or process conditions, then measuring composition, structure, electrical or electrochemical response, morphology, and surface change.
Interface-film libraries; current-collector coatings; localized electrochemistry; morphology checks; selected uniform follow-up layers.
Candidate interface regions, measured tradeoffs, and excluded areas become visible before cell-facing validation. Follow-up coatings or test layers can move into the next cell or stack experiment.